In this paper, eleven traditional fairy tales from the mountainous region of Tzoumerka have been recorded. The fairy tales date back to the previous century and they are recorded exactly as they were narrated by people who lived there. These fairy tales were found in students’ studies in the Hellenic Folklore Society. In 1959 –1960, students from the University of Athens, interviewed elderly people at the age of sixty to eighty years old, who had spent all of their lives in the mountain villages of Tzoumerka. The aim of this paper is to further analyze the fairy tales, in order to understand and explain the social and cultural characteristics, as well as the relation of man and natural environment that characterized those mountain societies.